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ЗВЕЗДА (ZVEZ)
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ЗВЕЗДА Balance Sheet 2025-2005 | ZVEZ
Brief balance sheet overview of ЗВЕЗДА
The comparison uses five available annual reports from the 2020–2025 interval.
The asset base was stable: the change from ₽11.3 billion to ₽10.9 billion does not indicate a material increase in scale.
Liability growth of +62.9% exceeded asset growth of -3.2%, increasing reliance on outside funding.
Shareholders' capital is negative, making the balance sheet dependent on consistent debt servicing capacity.
Cash equals 1.9% of the balance sheet, compared with 1% five periods ago. This is the readily available cushion.
Overall assessment
Taken together, ЗВЕЗДА's balance sheet indicators point to elevated risk. Asset growth does not offset weak funding sources.
Annual Balance Sheet ЗВЕЗДА
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cash And Cash Equivalents |
211 M | 73 M | 110 M | 20 M | 113 M | 190 M | 265 M | 135 M | 1.66 B | 347 M | 152 M | 49.6 M | 10.5 M | 7.18 M | 201 M | 86.7 M | 28.2 M | 605 K | 5.9 M | - |
Total Current Assets |
- | - | - | - | 7.31 B | 7.08 B | 7.08 B | 5.51 B | 5.23 B | 2.95 B | 1.57 B | 1.3 B | 1.14 B | 1.36 B | 997 M | 848 M | 678 M | 706 M | 649 M | 482 M |
Property Plant Equipment Net |
- | - | - | - | 2.83 B | 1.53 B | 337 M | 288 M | 259 M | 282 M | 256 M | 264 M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 130 M |
Intangible Assets |
- | - | - | - | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 169 M | 145 M | 113 M | 54.9 M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Goodwill And Intangible Assets |
- | - | - | - | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 169 M | 145 M | 113 M | 68.9 M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 291 K |
Long-Term Investments |
- | - | - | - | -36.7 M | 598 K | 337 M | 264 M | 155 M | 71.8 M | 243 M | 18.5 M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Tax Assets |
- | - | - | - | 722 M | 602 M | 426 M | 316 M | 231 M | 199 M | 67.2 M | 28.8 M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Total Non Current Assets |
- | - | - | - | 3.95 B | 2.57 B | 1.26 B | 1.05 B | 925 M | 891 M | 681 M | 380 M | 345 M | 382 M | 255 M | 256 M | 260 M | 242 M | 242 M | 193 M |
Total Assets |
10.9 B | 11.2 B | 9.7 B | 9.78 B | 11.3 B | 9.65 B | 8.34 B | 6.56 B | 6.15 B | 3.84 B | 2.25 B | 1.68 B | 1.48 B | 1.74 B | 1.25 B | 1.1 B | 938 M | 947 M | 891 M | 676 M |
Account Payables |
- | - | - | - | 637 M | 597 M | 798 M | 437 M | 5.06 B | 2.69 B | 963 M | 593 M | 56.5 M | 31.7 M | 16.5 M | 602 M | 359 M | 20.2 M | 396 M | 37.9 M |
Short-Term Debt |
- | - | - | - | 117 M | 132 M | 75.8 M | 245 M | 353 M | 456 M | 526 M | 443 M | 284 M | 217 M | 207 M | 223 M | 321 M | 245 M | 183 M | 151 M |
Tax Payables |
- | - | - | - | 4.42 M | 66.4 M | 40.9 M | 5.1 M | 112 M | 146 M | - | - | 61.8 M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Deferred Revenue |
- | - | - | - | - | 295 M | 377 M | 94.4 M | -145 M | 183 M | - | - | 61.8 M | 74.4 M | 37 M | 56.3 M | 42.4 M | 32.8 M | 68.6 M | - |
Total Current Liabilities |
- | - | - | - | 7.02 B | 6.95 B | 6.61 B | 5.92 B | 5.63 B | 3.37 B | 1.59 B | 1.04 B | 793 M | 990 M | 722 M | 800 M | 653 M | 639 M | 514 M | 377 M |
Long-Term Debt |
4.75 B | 4.17 B | 4.5 B | 3.62 B | 1.99 B | 910 M | 968 M | - | - | - | 126 M | 80.9 M | 138 M | 190 M | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Deferred Revenue Non Current |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -80.5 M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Deferred Tax Liabilities Non Current |
- | - | - | - | 489 M | 525 M | 442 M | 307 M | 203 M | 156 M | 80.5 M | 64.3 M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6.94 M |
Total Non Current Liabilities |
- | - | - | - | 2.47 B | 1.44 B | 1.41 B | 307 M | 203 M | 156 M | 80.7 M | 145 M | 199 M | 242 M | 18.3 M | 11.9 M | 9.86 M | 6.54 M | 13 M | 17.1 M |
Total Liabilities |
15.5 B | 15.3 B | 12.5 B | 12 B | 9.5 B | 8.39 B | 8.02 B | 6.23 B | 5.84 B | 3.53 B | 1.67 B | 1.18 B | 992 M | 1.23 B | 740 M | 812 M | 663 M | 646 M | 527 M | 394 M |
Retained Earnings |
- | - | - | - | -827 M | -31 M | 189 M | 194 M | 176 M | 176 M | 447 M | 356 M | 341 M | 354 M | 361 M | 140 M | 123 M | 149 M | 210 M | 122 M |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss |
- | - | - | - | - | 1.24 B | -422 M | -441 M | 81.7 M | - | - | 89.5 M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.86 M |
Total Stockholders Equity |
-4.57 B | -4.11 B | -2.76 B | -2.26 B | 1.76 B | 1.27 B | 315 M | 328 M | 314 M | 314 M | 587 M | 502 M | 490 M | 505 M | 513 M | 292 M | 275 M | 302 M | 364 M | 282 M |
Total Liabilities And Stockholders Equity |
10.9 B | 11.2 B | 9.7 B | 9.78 B | 11.3 B | 9.65 B | 8.34 B | 6.56 B | 6.15 B | 3.84 B | 2.25 B | 1.68 B | 1.48 B | 1.74 B | 1.25 B | 1.1 B | 938 M | 947 M | 891 M | 676 M |
Total Investments |
- | - | - | - | 249 M | 598 K | 339 M | 266 M | 266 M | 266 M | 245 M | 22.3 M | 11.4 M | 17.2 M | 2.19 M | 2.19 M | 2.19 M | 2.19 M | 2.19 M | - |
Total Debt |
4.75 B | 4.17 B | 4.5 B | 3.62 B | 2.1 B | 1.04 B | 1.04 B | 249 M | 353 M | 502 M | 527 M | 524 M | 284 M | 217 M | 207 M | 223 M | 321 M | 245 M | 183 M | 151 M |
Net Debt |
4.54 B | 4.1 B | 4.39 B | 3.6 B | 1.99 B | 853 M | 779 M | 115 M | -1.3 B | 156 M | 374 M | 474 M | 274 M | 209 M | 5.93 M | 137 M | 293 M | 244 M | 177 M | 151 M |
Annual performance
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All numbers in RUB currency
Quarterly Balance Sheet ЗВЕЗДА
| 2026-Q2 | 2025-Q4 | 2025-Q2 | 2024-Q4 | 2024-Q2 | 2023-Q4 | 2023-Q3 | 2022-Q1 | 2021-Q3 | 2021-Q2 | 2021-Q1 | 2020-Q4 | 2020-Q3 | 2020-Q2 | 2020-Q1 | 2019-Q4 | 2019-Q3 | 2019-Q2 | 2019-Q1 | 2018-Q4 | 2018-Q3 | 2018-Q2 | 2018-Q1 | 2017-Q4 | 2017-Q3 | 2017-Q2 | 2017-Q1 | 2016-Q4 | 2016-Q3 | 2016-Q2 | 2016-Q1 | 2015-Q4 | 2015-Q3 | 2015-Q2 | 2015-Q1 | 2014-Q4 | 2014-Q3 | 2014-Q2 | 2014-Q1 | 2013-Q4 | 2013-Q3 | 2013-Q2 | 2013-Q1 | 2012-Q4 | 2012-Q3 | 2011-Q4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cash And Cash Equivalents |
14 M | 211 M | 236 M | 73 M | 6 M | 110 M | 21.2 M | 31.4 M | 235 M | 362 M | 186 M | 113 M | 64.6 M | 31.5 M | 217 M | 190 M | 88 M | 123 M | 151 M | 265 M | 57.1 M | 172 M | 212 M | 135 M | 707 M | 1.17 B | 1.53 B | 1.66 B | 1.65 B | 672 M | 666 M | 347 M | 40.4 M | 52.3 M | 61.9 M | 152 M | 40.7 M | 1.75 M | 60.3 M | 49.6 M | 4.14 M | 37.2 M | 2.67 M | 10.5 M | 363 K | 7.18 M |
Total Current Assets |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 5.21 B | 5.19 B | 5.55 B | 6.08 B | 5.7 B | 7.31 B | 7.6 B | 7.36 B | 7.33 B | 7.08 B | 6.84 B | 6.44 B | 6.84 B | 7.08 B | 7.12 B | 6.03 B | 5.78 B | 5.51 B | 5.89 B | 5.88 B | 5.44 B | 5.23 B | 4.76 B | 3.57 B | 3.78 B | 2.95 B | 2.32 B | 2.19 B | 2.11 B | 1.57 B | 1.78 B | 1.47 B | 1.48 B | 1.3 B | 1.26 B | 1.24 B | 1.14 B | 1.14 B | 1.25 B | 1.36 B |
Property Plant Equipment Net |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 3.78 B | 3.58 B | 2.75 B | 2.78 B | 2.83 B | 2.83 B | 1.51 B | 1.52 B | 1.53 B | 1.53 B | 290 M | 294 M | 302 M | 337 M | 253 M | 261 M | 266 M | 288 M | 288 M | 286 M | 300 M | 259 M | 262 M | 269 M | 283 M | 282 M | 282 M | 257 M | 258 M | 256 M | 240 M | 250 M | 256 M | 264 M | 272 M | 282 M | 291 M | - | 301 M | - |
Intangible Assets |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 183 M | 177 M | 177 M | 93.9 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | - | 169 M | 169 M | 169 M | 185 M | 185 M | 185 M | 145 M | 123 M | 113 M | 113 M | 113 M | 68.9 M | 68.9 M | 68.9 M | 54.9 M | 540 K | 4.88 M | 4.83 M | - | - | - |
Goodwill And Intangible Assets |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 183 M | 177 M | 177 M | 93.9 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 177 M | 169 M | 169 M | 169 M | 169 M | 185 M | 185 M | 185 M | 145 M | 123 M | 113 M | 113 M | 113 M | 68.9 M | 68.9 M | 68.9 M | 54.9 M | 540 K | 4.88 M | 4.83 M | - | 4.78 M | - |
Long-Term Investments |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 249 M | - | 249 M | 249 M | 249 M | - | 261 M | 262 M | 262 M | 598 K | 267 M | 265 M | - | 337 M | -217 M | 265 M | 265 M | 264 M | 264 M | 260 M | 258 M | 155 M | 168 M | 238 M | 318 M | 71.8 M | 151 M | 256 M | -233 M | 243 M | -213 M | 7.64 M | 13.9 M | 18.5 M | 10.2 M | 5.18 M | 1.15 M | - | -5 M | - |
Tax Assets |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 962 M | 869 M | 766 M | - | 729 M | 685 M | 672 M | 665 M | 629 M | 602 M | 530 M | 541 M | 488 M | 426 M | 371 M | 384 M | 363 M | 316 M | 296 M | 295 M | 250 M | 231 M | 243 M | 240 M | 227 M | 199 M | 174 M | 127 M | 92.3 M | 67.2 M | 80.3 M | 49.9 M | 53.7 M | - | 54.5 M | 55.3 M | 36.1 M | - | 73.1 M | - |
Total Non Current Assets |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 5.19 B | 4.89 B | 3.95 B | 3.95 B | 3.99 B | 3.95 B | 2.63 B | 2.63 B | 2.6 B | 2.57 B | 1.29 B | 1.31 B | 1.31 B | 1.26 B | 844 M | 1.12 B | 1.1 B | 1.05 B | 1.03 B | 1.03 B | 995 M | 925 M | 957 M | 961 M | 1.13 B | 891 M | 846 M | 765 M | 481 M | 681 M | 407 M | 387 M | 398 M | 380 M | 349 M | 355 M | 344 M | 345 M | 392 M | 382 M |
Total Assets |
11 B | 10.9 B | 9.94 B | 11.2 B | 9.78 B | 9.7 B | 10.4 B | 10.1 B | 9.5 B | 10 B | 9.69 B | 11.3 B | 10.2 B | 9.99 B | 9.93 B | 9.65 B | 8.13 B | 7.74 B | 8.15 B | 8.34 B | 7.96 B | 7.14 B | 6.88 B | 6.56 B | 6.92 B | 6.91 B | 6.44 B | 6.15 B | 5.71 B | 4.53 B | 4.91 B | 3.84 B | 3.17 B | 2.95 B | 2.59 B | 2.25 B | 2.18 B | 1.86 B | 1.88 B | 1.68 B | 1.61 B | 1.6 B | 1.49 B | 1.48 B | 1.64 B | 1.74 B |
Account Payables |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 8.42 B | 8.42 B | 7.66 B | 7.72 B | 7.21 B | 637 M | 7 B | 6.77 B | 547 M | 597 M | 521 M | 662 M | 650 M | 798 M | 628 M | 490 M | 517 M | 437 M | 416 M | 366 M | 306 M | 5.06 B | 99.9 M | 3.84 B | 3.93 B | 95.7 M | 2.48 B | 2.04 B | 1.51 B | 1.06 B | 1.07 B | 935 M | 941 M | 593 M | 893 M | 756 M | 634 M | 118 M | - | 797 M |
Short-Term Debt |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 69.3 M | 404 M | 39.8 M | 145 M | 143 M | 117 M | 121 M | 145 M | 117 M | 132 M | 18.1 M | 16.1 M | 34.3 M | 75.8 M | 60.7 M | 21.5 M | 36.1 M | 245 M | 94.1 M | 102 M | 93.9 M | 353 M | 356 M | 282 M | 460 M | 502 M | 129 M | 320 M | 306 M | 526 M | 331 M | 306 M | 350 M | 443 M | 343 M | 343 M | 324 M | 284 M | 310 M | 217 M |
Tax Payables |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.42 M | - | - | - | 66.4 M | - | - | - | 40.9 M | - | - | - | 5.1 M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 146 M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 61.8 M | - | - |
Deferred Revenue |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 536 M | - | - | 6.4 B | 295 M | - | - | 5.73 B | 377 M | - | - | - | 94.4 M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 183 M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 571 M | - | 74.4 M |
Total Current Liabilities |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 8.57 B | 8.9 B | 7.75 B | 7.95 B | 7.44 B | 7.02 B | 7.17 B | 6.97 B | 7.06 B | 6.95 B | 6.56 B | 6.67 B | 6.44 B | 6.61 B | 6.37 B | 6.03 B | 5.94 B | 5.92 B | 6.32 B | 6.32 B | 5.87 B | 5.63 B | 5.4 B | 4.16 B | 4.43 B | 3.37 B | 2.61 B | 2.36 B | 1.81 B | 1.59 B | 1.4 B | 1.24 B | 1.29 B | 1.04 B | 1.24 B | 1.1 B | 958 M | 793 M | 1.16 B | 990 M |
Long-Term Debt |
4.69 B | 4.75 B | 4.26 B | 4.17 B | 4.1 B | 4.5 B | 3.54 B | 1.65 B | 1.95 B | 1.85 B | 1.93 B | 1.99 B | 1.73 B | 1.55 B | 1.2 B | 910 M | 812 M | 512 M | 958 M | 968 M | 700 M | 479 M | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 140 M | 240 K | 120 M | 240 K | 91.4 M | 82.6 M | 88.2 M | 80.9 M | 148 M | 148 M | 139 M | - | 139 M | - |
Deferred Tax Liabilities Non Current |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 160 M | 181 M | 191 M | - | 225 M | 489 M | 527 M | 523 M | 527 M | 525 M | 535 M | 500 M | 512 M | 442 M | 410 M | 362 M | 356 M | 307 M | 279 M | 276 M | 233 M | 203 M | 167 M | 174 M | 183 M | 156 M | 122 M | 115 M | 101 M | 80.5 M | 94.8 M | 79.4 M | 74.5 M | - | 22.3 M | 45.6 M | 36.2 M | - | 52.8 M | - |
Total Non Current Liabilities |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 3.7 B | 1.9 B | 2.14 B | 2.04 B | 2.15 B | 2.47 B | 2.26 B | 2.07 B | 1.73 B | 1.44 B | 1.35 B | 1.01 B | 1.47 B | 1.41 B | 1.11 B | 842 M | 616 M | 307 M | 279 M | 276 M | 233 M | 203 M | 167 M | 174 M | 183 M | 156 M | 262 M | 115 M | 221 M | 80.7 M | 186 M | 162 M | 163 M | 145 M | 170 M | 193 M | 175 M | 199 M | 192 M | 242 M |
Total Liabilities |
15.6 B | 15 B | 13.5 B | 15.1 B | 12.9 B | 12.3 B | 12.3 B | 10.8 B | 9.89 B | 10 B | 9.6 B | 9.5 B | 9.43 B | 9.05 B | 8.79 B | 8.39 B | 7.91 B | 7.69 B | 7.91 B | 8.02 B | 7.48 B | 6.87 B | 6.55 B | 6.23 B | 6.6 B | 6.6 B | 6.1 B | 5.84 B | 5.56 B | 4.34 B | 4.61 B | 3.53 B | 2.87 B | 2.48 B | 2.03 B | 1.67 B | 1.58 B | 1.4 B | 1.45 B | 1.18 B | 1.41 B | 1.29 B | 1.13 B | 992 M | 1.35 B | 1.23 B |
Retained Earnings |
- | - | - | - | - | - | -5.54 B | -4.16 B | -2.98 B | -2.56 B | -2.5 B | -827 M | -498 M | -355 M | -163 M | -31 M | 97.1 M | -71 M | 119 M | 189 M | 347 M | 135 M | 198 M | 194 M | 178 M | 180 M | 197 M | 176 M | 11.2 M | 58.6 M | 161 M | 176 M | 159 M | 333 M | 422 M | 447 M | 461 M | 311 M | 283 M | 356 M | 58.3 M | 158 M | 205 M | 341 M | 136 M | 354 M |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.53 B | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 89.5 M | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Total Stockholders Equity |
-4.57 B | -4.15 B | -3.59 B | -3.9 B | -3.13 B | -2.56 B | -1.87 B | -720 M | -390 M | 25.2 M | 90.1 M | 1.76 B | 798 M | 942 M | 1.13 B | 1.27 B | 224 M | 55.6 M | 245 M | 315 M | 481 M | 269 M | 332 M | 328 M | 316 M | 318 M | 334 M | 314 M | 149 M | 197 M | 299 M | 314 M | 297 M | 471 M | 561 M | 587 M | 601 M | 456 M | 428 M | 502 M | 206 M | 306 M | 353 M | 490 M | 286 M | 505 M |
Total Liabilities And Stockholders Equity |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 10.4 B | 10.1 B | 9.5 B | 10 B | 9.69 B | 11.3 B | 10.2 B | 9.99 B | 9.93 B | 9.65 B | 8.13 B | 7.74 B | 8.15 B | 8.34 B | 7.96 B | 7.14 B | 6.88 B | 6.56 B | 6.92 B | 6.91 B | 6.44 B | 6.15 B | 5.71 B | 4.53 B | 4.91 B | 3.84 B | 3.17 B | 2.95 B | 2.59 B | 2.25 B | 2.18 B | 1.86 B | 1.88 B | 1.68 B | 1.61 B | 1.6 B | 1.49 B | 1.48 B | 1.64 B | 1.74 B |
Total Investments |
- | - | - | - | - | - | 249 M | 249 M | 249 M | 249 M | 249 M | - | 261 M | 262 M | 262 M | 598 K | 267 M | 267 M | - | 339 M | 36.2 M | 267 M | 267 M | 266 M | 266 M | 266 M | 266 M | 266 M | 266 M | 266 M | 441 M | 266 M | 268 M | 268 M | 18.5 M | 245 M | 17.5 M | 18.5 M | 18.5 M | 22.3 M | 17.5 M | 12.5 M | 12.5 M | 11.4 M | 12.5 M | 17.2 M |
Total Debt |
4.69 B | 4.75 B | 4.26 B | 4.17 B | 4.1 B | 4.5 B | 3.61 B | 2.06 B | 1.99 B | 1.99 B | 2.07 B | 2.1 B | 1.85 B | 1.69 B | 1.32 B | 1.04 B | 830 M | 528 M | 993 M | 1.04 B | 761 M | 501 M | 36.1 M | 249 M | 94.1 M | 102 M | 93.9 M | 353 M | 356 M | 282 M | 460 M | 502 M | 269 M | 321 M | 426 M | 527 M | 423 M | 389 M | 439 M | 524 M | 491 M | 491 M | 463 M | 284 M | 449 M | 217 M |
Net Debt |
4.68 B | 4.54 B | 4.02 B | 4.1 B | 4.1 B | 4.39 B | 3.59 B | 2.03 B | 1.75 B | 1.63 B | 1.88 B | 1.99 B | 1.79 B | 1.66 B | 1.1 B | 853 M | 742 M | 405 M | 842 M | 779 M | 704 M | 329 M | -176 M | 115 M | -613 M | -1.07 B | -1.44 B | -1.3 B | -1.29 B | -390 M | -206 M | 156 M | 228 M | 268 M | 364 M | 374 M | 382 M | 387 M | 378 M | 474 M | 487 M | 453 M | 460 M | 274 M | 449 M | 209 M |
Quarterly performance
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All numbers in RUB currency
Balance Sheet is a fundamental financial report of ЗВЕЗДА, providing a complete picture of the company’s financial position at a specific point in time. Unlike the income statement, which records the results of operations over a certain period, the balance sheet shows what assets the company owns, what liabilities it has to creditors, and what equity is available to the owners.
For an investor, the balance sheet is important because it allows assessing the company’s financial stability, understanding how much debt it carries, and how dependent it is on borrowed financing. It helps calculate key liquidity and leverage ratios. When analyzing, attention should be paid to the debt-to-equity ratio (Debt/Equity), the amount of cash on the balance sheet, and the ratio of current liabilities to liquid assets.
Features of balance sheet analysis- Vertical and horizontal analysis
Vertical analysis shows the structure of the balance sheet as a percentage of total assets or liabilities, while horizontal analysis shows the dynamics of changes over multiple periods. - Asset quality
It is important to evaluate not only the amount of assets but also their liquidity and realizability. - Accounting for off-balance sheet liabilities
Some liabilities may not be directly reflected in the balance sheet, which requires additional attention.
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